1,002 research outputs found

    Leniency Programs for Multimarket Firms: The Effect of Amnesty Plus on Cartel Formation

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    We examine the effect of the Amnesty Plus policy on firms' incentives to engage in cartel activities. Amnesty Plus is a proactive antitrust enforcement strategy aimed at attracting amnesty applications by encouraging firms already convicted in one market to report collusive agreements in other markets. It has been heavily advertised that Amnesty Plus weakens cartel stability. We show to the contrary that Amnesty Plus does not always have this desirable effect. Only under specific conditions, Amnesty Plus deters a cartel which would have been sustainable under an antitrust policy without Amnesty Plus. Otherwise, Amnesty Plus is either neutral or even stabilizes a cartel. We also show that firms can exploit their multimarket contact to reduce the effectiveness of the Amnesty Plus policy.Amnesty Plus; Leniency Program; Multimarket Contact; Antitrust Policy

    Leniency programs for multimarket firms: The effect of Amnesty Plus on cartel formation

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    We examine the effect of the Amnesty Plus policy on the incentives of firms to engage in cartel activities. Amnesty Plus is aimed at attracting amnesty applications by encouraging firms, convicted in one market, to report their collusive agreements in other markets. It has been vigorously advertised that Amnesty Plus weakens cartel stability. We show to the contrary that Amnesty Plus may not have this desirable effect, and, if improperly designed, may even stabilize a cartel. We suggest a simple discount-setting rule to avoid this anticompetitive effect.Amnesty Plus, Leniency program, multimarket contact, antitrust policy

    Leniency Programs in a Multimarket Setting: Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus

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    We examine the effect of Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus on firms' initial selfreporting decision, in one market, by altering their whistle-blowing incentives in another market. Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus are proactive US strategies which aim at triggering multiple confessions by increasing the incentives of already convicted firms to report in a second market where they collude. Predictably, conditional on the conviction of one cartel, Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus strengthen firms' incentives to report the remaining cartel. However, Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus have an ambiguous impact on firms' incentives to apply for amnesty in the first place: On the one hand, Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus may help to sustain a cartel, otherwise reported under the EC Leniency Program. On the other hand, Amnesty Plus and Penalty Plus may induce immediate reporting of both cartels whereas only one of them would have been reported under the EC Leniency Program.Amnesty Plus; Leniency Program; Multimarket Contact; Self-reporting

    Territorial innovation dynamics: a knowledge based perspective

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    A great deal of studies has focused on the role played by geographical location on the emergence and the building of localised learning capacities (Maskell, Malmberg, 1999). In this perspective, empirical studies have demonstrated that innovation dynamics of clusters results from the quality of interactions and coordination inside the cluster as well as interactions with external, often global, networks. In this context, knowledge exchange between firms and institutions are claimed to be the main drivers of spatial agglomeration (Canals et al, 2008). Hence, cluster policies have followed the main idea that geographic proximity facilitates collective innovation in so far as firms can capture knowledge externalities more easily. This idea is in fact very attractive but contains some limits (Suire et Vicente, 2007): if some clusters are successful others seem to decline. Therefore, in order to understand the territorial dynamics of clusters, the analysis of the specific nature of knowledge and information flows within a cluster is crucial. The objective of the paper is to enhance the analysis of the role of cognitive and relational dimensions of interactions on territorial dynamics of innovation. We focus on the key sub process of innovation: knowledge creation, which is above all a social process based on two key complex social mechanisms: the exchange and the combination of knowledge (Nahapiet and Goshal, 1996). We suggest building a theoretical framework that hinges on these two key mechanisms. In this perspective, we mobilise Boisot's I-Space model (Boisot, 1998) for the diffusion and exchange of knowledge and suggest completing the model by introducing the concept of architectural knowledge (Henderson and Clark, 1990) so as to take the complexity of the combination process into consideration. This analysis is conducted through the illustrative analysis of three different case studies. We will draw upon the case of Aerospace Valley Pole of Competitiveness (PoC), The Secured Communicating Solutions PoC, and Fabelor Competence Cluster. The cases show that the existence of architectural knowledge is pivotal to territorial innovation.Architectural Knowledge, I-Space Model, Territorial Innovation, Geographical Clusters, Knowledge Management

    Enhancing Reading Comprehension Among Students With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Pilot Study

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    Reading with comprehension is a challenge for students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Unfortunately, research has little to offer to teachers trying to help these students. The present study pilots a new intervention targeting vocabulary, main idea identification, anaphoric relations, and text structure. Students (N = 13, M age = 9 years) were randomly assigned to either a control or an intervention condition. Descriptive analyses suggest that the intervention is effective; compared with their control condition peers, students in the intervention condition apparently made more progress on the vocabulary, main idea identification, and comprehension measures

    LITTO D- A Seamless Digital Terrain Model

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    The French National Geographic Institute (IGN) and the French Naval Hydrographie and Oceanographic Office (SHOM) were tasked by the Prime Minister to combine efforts to produce a seamless, precise topographic and bathymetric model, of the entire French coast. The Litto3D project was then created to meet more than one hundred requirements expressed by coastal managers and by users of geo-referenced data. An initial laser survey was conducted in the Golfe du Morbihan, Brittany and was used to generate a precise DTM. This experiment enabled SHOM and IGN to develop a methodology applicable everywhere and by everyone.El Primer Ministro encomendĂŽ al Instituto GeogrĂąfico FrancĂ©s (IGN) y al Servicio HidrogrĂąfico y OceanogrĂąfico de la Marina Francesa (SHOM) la tarea de combinar sus esfuerzos para producir un modelo topogrĂąfico y batimĂ©trico uniforme y preciso de la totalidad de la costa francesa. Fue creado enfonces el proyecto “Litto3D", para satisfacer mas de un centenar de requerimientos expresados por los administradores costeros y por los usuarios de datos geo-referenciados. Se efectuĂŽ un levantamiento inicial por laser en el “Golfe du Morbihan", en Bretaha, que fue utilizado para generar un DTM preciso. Este experimento permitiĂŽ al SHOM y al IGN desarrollar una metodologia aplicable en todas partes y por cada persona.L'Institut gĂ©ographique nationale (IGN) et le Service hydrographique et ocĂ©anographique de la marine française (SHOM) ont Ă©tĂ© chargĂ©s par le Premier Ministre de mettre en commun leurs efforts pour produire un modĂšle continu, Ă  topographie et bathymĂ©trie de prĂ©cision, de l’ensemble des cĂŽtes de la France. Le projet Litto3D a donc Ă©tĂ© mis sur pied afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  plus d'une centaine de demandes formulĂ©es par des gestionnaires cĂŽtiers et par les utilisateurs de donnĂ©es gĂ©o-rĂ©fĂ©renciĂ©es. Un premier levĂ© laser a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© dans le golfe du Morbihan, en Bretagne, et a servi Ă  produire des DTM prĂ©cis. Cette expĂ©rience a permis au SHOM et Ă  l'IGN de mettre au point une mĂ©thodologie appliquĂ©e partout et par tout le monde

    Influence du contexte sur la qualité de l'intégration sociale d'élÚves présentant un trouble envahissant du développement

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    L'intĂ©gration sociale d'Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant un trouble envahissant du dĂ©veloppement (TED) est un sujet d'intĂ©rĂȘt Ă  la fois pour les parents, les praticiens et les chercheurs. Depuis quelques annĂ©es, de plus en plus d'Ă©lĂšves avec un diagnostic de TED entrent Ă  l'Ă©cole. DĂ» Ă  la caractĂ©ristique centrale du syndrome, soit la difficultĂ© Ă  interagir avec leur environnement social, l'intĂ©gration de ces Ă©lĂšves pose un problĂšme particulier. Ce mĂ©moire vise Ă  Ă©valuer l'intĂ©gration sociale des Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant un TED intĂ©grĂ©s en classe ordinaire. Trois aspects de l'intĂ©gration de quatre Ă©lĂšves sont Ă©valuĂ©s: leurs activitĂ©s Ă  la rĂ©crĂ©ation, leurs interactions en dyades et leurs affiliations en cliques. Les Ă©lĂšves ont Ă©tĂ© filmĂ©s lors de 15 rĂ©crĂ©ations et de deux situations d'interaction dyadique, avec et sans incitation directe Ă  interagir de la part de l'adulte. Enfin, les affiliations en cliques ont aussi Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©es Ă  l'aide d'entrevues individuelles auprĂšs des Ă©lĂšves ordinaires de premiĂšre annĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que les Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant un TED sont souvent impliquĂ©s dans des activitĂ©s peu constructives lors de la rĂ©crĂ©ation, ce qui appuie les rĂ©sultats d'Ă©tudes antĂ©rieures. Dans un mĂȘme ordre d'idĂ©es, les Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant un TED ne font pas partie des cliques de leurs pairs ordinaires. Ils sont nĂ©anmoins actifs socialement en situation d'interactions dyadiques. Dans l'ensemble, les rĂ©sultats soulĂšvent des doutes en ce qui concerne la qualitĂ© de l'intĂ©gration des Ă©lĂšves prĂ©sentant un TED en classe ordinaire. Des suggestions sont formulĂ©es pour faciliter leur intĂ©gration et mieux comprendre la nature de leurs difficultĂ©s. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Affiliation en clique, Autisme, IntĂ©gration, Interaction dyadique, Interaction sociale

    Une conférence de contrastes, de richesses et de menaces

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    Du 2 au 4 juillet 2013 s’est tenue Ă  Kogalym (SibĂ©rie Occidentale) une confĂ©rence internationale intitulĂ©e « Sauvegarde et dĂ©veloppe­ment de la langue et de la littĂ©rature des petits peuples du Nord de l’okroug autonome khanty-mansi – Jugra, protection de l’hĂ©ritage folklorique – Fondements lĂ©gaux et problĂšmes ». La confĂ©rence Ă©tait organisĂ©e dans le cadre du 20e anniversaire de la Duma (AssemblĂ©e de dĂ©putĂ©s) de l’okroug Jugra qui sera cĂ©lĂ©brĂ© le 6 avril 2014. PrĂ©sidĂ©e par Eremej Ajpin, Ă  la ..

    Mise en place d\u27une bibliothÚque spécialisée pour le chant choral/rapport de stage

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